Covering a building or roof

Covering a building or roof - top design of the building, which is used to protect against rain, rain and melt water. The other main feature is its thermal insulation (heat retention and protection from overheating).The term "cover" more often used for industrial buildings or rooftops bescherdachnym (known as combined) , that is, design is both attic floor or to the roof and attic floor together.  More generally, the main types of coatings is referred attic roof bescherdachnye roof-span flat and spatial coverage. Coverage must be calculated on the perception of a constant load (dead weight) and time (snow cover, the horizontal wind pressure) loads encountered during the operation.Shell roof, exposed to weathering is called roof. It should be waterproof, moisture-resistant, resistant to chemical attack, solar radiation, frost and other influences. The main properties of the roof is a light, durable, economical to manufacture and use.The roof structure and choice of roofing material is determined at the design stage and is dependent on the design of the facade and roof decking technology.

Flat roofs.

Flat roofs usually have a small slope to roll down from the roof water efficiently. Commonly referred to as flat roof with a slope of 3%. Such coatings are usually solved as bescherdachnye.

Flat roofs can be exploited (patio) and unexploited.

They may well a playground, open-air cafes, outdoor cinemas, sports facilities and more. Also, the area of ​​these roofs can be used for plants, also called "green roof."

Flat roofs are more common in the South and East.

 

Attic roofDomestic helpers are called attic roof rafters.The most common in Europe and in Russia are different types of pitched (sloped) roofs.The roof of the building consists of the following elements: inclined planes, called rays, which are based rafters and purlins. The lower ends of rafters supported by mauerlat - beam which supports the slanted wooden rafters and for distributing the load created by the roof structure. Mauerlat located on the upper inner exergue stone walls .. The intersection of rays forms and horizontal ribs. Horizontal edges are called hobby. Intersection ramps forming outside corners, creating valleys and valley sheet. Edge of the roof above the walls of the building is called the eaves (placed horizontally in favor of circuit exterior walls) or Gabled overhangs (located obliquely). The water flows down the slope to the wall troughs and discharged through rainwater in gutters and into storm sewers.Also part of the roof is a cornice gable dormer, aerator, gutter, downspout, snow retention, penetration, heating cable.Modern roof - is a complex structure that consists of multiple components: windscreens, parogidroizolyatsionnoy film, insulation, roofing, and very many others. Also do not forget that the proper construction of the roof provides ventilation space between the rafters and the roof covering part of, protection against condensation and heat loss.

 

Form of attic roofs.Basically divided into pitched roof and flat. Pitched vary in shape and number of rays:One pitched roof: builds its supporting structure (system of trusses, truss, etc.) on the exterior walls, which are at different levels. Shed roofs are used mostly in the construction of porches and terraces, outbuildings, warehouses. Two pitched roof: is the most popular classic design. It is also called gable. There are variations of roofs with hanging rafter forms or sloping rafters. The many variants of this type must include a roof with uniform or non-uniform slope angle or the size of the eaves.Hip roof: all such roof slopes, in the form of isosceles triangles that meet at a point. The defining element in it is symmetric. Applied to buildings in the form of a square or an equilateral polygon.Hipped roof: hipped it: two slope are trapezoid, and two others from the end wall - triangles (called hips). Species gambrel roofs are poluvalmovaya and Danish roof (hybrid hip and gable). In Japan (and China), there is an analogue of Danish roof, called irimoyya (irimoya, Japanese.)Poluvalmovaya roof: the side slopes (poluvalmy) are cut and have the line slope shorter than the main slopes. Used where necessary to protect the gables of adverse environmental effects.

Many gable roof: it is satisfied on the houses with complex polygonal plan. These roofs are more valleys (inner corner) and ribs (protruding corners that form the intersection of the roof slopes), which requires high skill in the performance of roofing work.

 Dome and conical roofs: they are used for covering buildings circular shape in plan.

 Flat roofs are most widely used in civil and industrial construction. In contrast to the pitched roofs, flat roof is not used as a piece of roofing and sheet materials. There need materials that allow the device a carpet (bitumen, bitumen-polymer and polymer materials, and paste). The carpet must be flexible enough to take thermal and mechanical deformation of the base of the roof. As the base, use of insulation, bearing plates, ties. Sometimes flat roofs do exploited, or "green."