Supporting structure - foundation

Foundation - supporting structure of the building, which takes all the load from the overlying structures and distributes them to the ground. Usually made of concrete, stone or wood.

Foundations are usually laid below the freezing depth of soil in order to prevent them from buckling. On nepuchinistyh light soils during construction of wooden buildings used melkozaglublennye foundations.

Building construction will be a tape, glasses, bar, pile foundations and WOOD. They are prefabricated, monolithic and prefabricated monolithic. The choice depends on the foundation of seismic areas, the soil and the architectural decisions.

Manufacture of concrete foundations is possible at temperatures above 5 ° C, which essentially limits the seasonality of the construction work. Carrying out work at lower temperatures, possibly using technology elektroprogreva.

 Classification of foundations

 By appointment: 

•  bearing;
• Combined, that is capable, in addition to the supporting functions, also serves as seismic protection; 
• Shallow burial grounds in natural or artificial; 
• Deep foundations; 
• Special, for example, the experimental anti-seismic "swing" foundations, "floating" foundation, the pressure is equal to the pressure of dredged material and other

  By material:

1.  stone:

•  Crushed;
•   rubble concrete;
•   brick.

     2.  Reinforced concrete:

•   team;
•   monolithic.

      3.   Wood.
      4.    from cellular

 Construction of foundations:

•  pier foundation;
• Belt (precast or monolithic);
• buried (below the freezing depth); 
• malozaglublenny (above the freezing depth);
•  Pile (precast or monolithic);
•  on precast piles;
•   trubobetonnyh on stilts; 
•   on bored piles; 
•   printed on stilts; 
•   a stilt-shells; 
•   on screw piles; 
• Pile-foundation rostverkovy;
• slab; 
• Continuum, that is very bulky, large, often close to a circle or a square, which can not be seen as detached columnar, slab, strip or pile foundation. Usually it is: bridge supports, silos, bins, etc.